This report presents a ten-year review of the implementation of the Population Policy since its adoption in 1998. It looks into what has happened since its inception, and how it has influenced planners and decision makers in integrating population issues into their plans and programmes. The report is detailed in ten papers that discuss the extent to which the objectives, strategies and concerns of the national Population Policy have been translated into action through different plans and programmes of government, private organisations and civil society, in order to improve the quality of life of South Africans. These papers relate to: Sexual and reproductive health and rights; HIV and AIDS; The youth; Families, households and children; Migration and urbanisation; Gender equality, equity and the empowerment of women; Population, environment and development; Poverty and inequality; Population and development research; Technical capacity development and institutional arrangements for policy implementation.